How is ceramic traditionally colored in watchmaking?

In watchmaking, ceramic is traditionally colored through bulk-coloring using metal oxides pigments. This method involves incorporating finely ground metal oxides directly into the ceramic material during the manufacturing process. By integrating these pigments on a molecular level, the resulting ceramic achieves a uniform color that is consistent throughout the entirety of the material. This process also allows for various shades and colors to be created depending on the specific metal oxides used, such as zirconium or titanium.

Additionally, bulk-coloring offers significant advantages in terms of durability and resistance to wear, as the color is not just a surface coating but part of the ceramic itself. This means that the color remains intact even after extensive use, providing a lasting aesthetic quality to luxury watches. Other methods, such as dyeing or painting, do not achieve the same level of permanence or vibrancy as bulk-coloring with metal oxides.