From which civilization does the base 60 numbering system originate?

The base 60 numbering system originates from the ancient civilization of Mesopotamia, particularly from the Sumerians around 3000 BC. This system is notable for its significance in mathematics and astronomy, allowing for the division of the circle into degrees, minutes, and seconds, which is still in use today. The Sumerians chose 60 because it is a highly composite number, facilitating the division into multiple smaller units (like 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, etc.), making calculations more versatile and practical for various applications, including trade and astronomy.

While the Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans each had their own systems of counting and numbering, none of these civilizations used a base 60 system as foundational to their mathematics or astronomical observations. The influence of Mesopotamia's base 60 system can be seen in many aspects of modern timekeeping and angular measurements, illustrating its lasting impact on mathematics and science.